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John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was a Founding Father of the United States, a leader of the American Revolution, and the second U.S. president. He was a Province of Massachusetts Bay delegate to the Second Continental Congress and the leading advocate for American independence from Britain. In addition to seconding the Lee Resolution, Adams served on the Committee of Five, which drafted the United States Declaration of Independence. A dedicated diarist, Adams corresponded with his wife Abigail during this time, recording historical information on the era. In 1783, Adams was part of the American delegation that negotiated the Treaty of Paris, which formally ended the American Revolutionary War. Adams was the primary author of the 1780 Massachusetts Constitution, which influenced the 1789 United States Constitution, and he became the new nation's first vice president and its second president. After his presidency, Adams returned to Peacefield, his Massachusetts home and farm. (Full article...)

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Did you know ...

Collegiate Church of Saint George and Saint Ode

... that a tombstone discovered in 1977 in the Collegiate Church of Saint George and Saint Ode (pictured) is widely believed to be that of the church's 6th-century founder?
... that Nepalese communist parliamentarian Ghanendra Basnet spent more than sixteen years in prison?
... that the Peppa Pig episode "Mister Skinnylegs" was banned in Australia in 2012 over safety concerns involving spiders?
... that Georgia State Route 195 lost nearly half of its length?
... that after Denis Bowes Daly's death the preserved body of his wife was found in a closet at Dalystown House to which only he had access?
... that the prices of slaves in Carthage fell drastically after the Battle of Bourgaon?
... that the gardens at the Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh were closed to the public for two and a half years during a tax dispute over whether walking in them is a form of worship?
... that Swiss filmmaker Louis Mercanton gave Ivor Novello his film debut after casting him from a photograph?
... that there is a lost gay Jesus porn movie?

Help us improve this article!

A black-and-white image of two female mechanics servicing an aircraft engine

Two aircraft mechanics servicing a rotary aircraft engine

This week's article for improvement is mechanic, a skilled tradesperson who uses tools to build, maintain, or repair machinery.

You can improve this article by:

Finding reliable sources about the topic
Expanding the "Duties and specialities" section
Adding information about other types of mechanics

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In the news

Patrick Stewart in 1999

British actor Patrick Stewart (pictured) dies at the age of 86.
In baseball, the Milwaukee Brewers defeat the Tampa Bay Rays to win the World Series.
At least 69 people are killed in a collision between two high-speed trains in Toledo province, Spain.
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is re-elected President of Brazil.
In the Serbian parliamentary election, the Student List wins a majority of seats, defeating former president Aleksandar Vučić and his Serbian Progressive Party.

On this day

October 30

French troops capturing Stettin

1806 – War of the Fourth Coalition: Believing that they were outnumbered, the German garrison at Stettin surrendered to a much smaller French force (pictured) without a fight.
1966 – Singaporean leftist opposition leader Chia Thye Poh was detained under the Internal Security Act, which allows for preventive detention; he was released 32 years later.
1991 – The Madrid Conference, an attempt by the international community to revive the Israeli–Palestinian peace process through negotiations, convened.
2001 – Michael Jackson released Invincible, his final studio album and the most expensive album ever produced.

Angelica Kauffman (b. 1741)
Caroline Spencer (b. 1861)
Miloš Trifunović (b. 1871)
René Jacobs (b. 1946)

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From today's featured list

Rohini Hattangadi

The National Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role is an honour presented annually at India's National Film Awards ceremony by the National Film Development Corporation of India (NFDC), an organisation set up by the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. The winner is chosen by a national panel appointed annually by the NFDC to an actress for the best performance in a supporting role within Indian cinema. Including ties and repeat winners, the NFDC has presented the award 41 times to 35 different actresses from 1984 to 2024. The first recipient was Rohini Hattangadi (pictured), who was honoured at the 32nd National Film Awards for her performance in the Hindi film Party (1984). Surekha Sikri has been honoured three times for her Hindi films – Tamas (1987), Mammo (1994) and Badhaai Ho (2018). Joint awards were presented in 1999, 2012, 2013, 2023 and 2024. (Full list...)

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Danell Leyva (born October 30, 1991) is a Cuban-American former artistic gymnast who represented the United States in international competition. He achieved particular success on the parallel bars and the horizontal bar, winning the parallel-bars title at the 2011 World Championships, as well as a team bronze medal. Leyva won bronze in the individual all-around competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Four years later, at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, he won silver medals on both the parallel bars and the horizontal bar. With eight medals across the Olympic Games and the World Championships, he is the second-most decorated American male gymnast, after Paul Hamm. After ending his career in gymnastics, Leyva pursued an acting and media career. This head shot of Leyva was taken in 2017.

Photograph credit: Giulipino

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